BASAIN- BOOK REVIEW

 

Basain is a poignant tale set in an unnamed hilly village in Eastern Nepal that poignantly captures the struggles of impoverished villagers caught in a vicious cycle of poverty, caste discrimination, and social injustice. Written in 1957 by Lil Bahadur Chettri, the novel vividly portrays the plight of ordinary villagers who are forced to abandon their homeland due to systemic oppression and lack of opportunities.

The protagonist, Dhan Bahadur Basnet, is a poor farmer who lives with his wife, son, and younger sister. Despite his hard work and perseverance, he becomes a victim of exploitation by the village elites. The book skillfully illustrates the impact of socioeconomic hierarchies and institutionalized oppression, painting a stark picture of the rural communities of that time.

THEMES AND ANALYSIS

1. Poverty and Migration:

Poverty is the most dominant theme in Basain. Dhan Bahadur’s relentless struggle to make ends meet and provide for his family reflects the harsh realities faced by many Nepali farmers. The novel depicts the dire circumstances that drive individuals like Dhan Bahadur to leave their native land and migrate to India in search of better livelihoods.

Chettri's depiction of migration is not just a mere shift of people from one place to another but a powerful commentary on the loss of home, identity, and community. As the novel unfolds, the migration becomes symbolic of a collective suffering, a forced departure that reflects the helplessness of people against the injustice meted out by those in power.

2. Caste and Gender Discrimination:

The novel also highlights caste and gender discrimination prevalent in Nepali society. Dhan Bahadur, being from a lower social status, is at the mercy of wealthy landowners and village elites who not only exploit him economically but also socially ostracize him. His struggles are further compounded by the gender roles imposed on women, as seen in the character of his wife, who suffers silently while bearing the brunt of his failures.

The way Dhan Bahadur’s wife and sister are treated is indicative of the gender biases entrenched in the rural society of that era. Their struggles are depicted subtly but effectively, demonstrating how women, despite being central to family and community, remain marginalized and powerless.

3. Social Injustice and Exploitation:

Social injustice is a recurring theme in Basain. Dhan Bahadur’s downward spiral is not due to his lack of effort or determination, but because of the systemic inequality that denies him opportunities for growth. He is deceived by people he trusted, and every attempt to rise is thwarted by the corrupt practices of the rich.

The novel showcases how powerful individuals and groups exploit the less fortunate, pushing them further into poverty rather than providing them with any means of upliftment. This exploitation is not only limited to economic suppression but extends to the manipulation of social and cultural norms.

4. The Impact of Migration on Identity and Relationships:

Basain poignantly explores the theme of displacement. The forced migration and departure from one's homeland can be seen as an erosion of identity and relationships. Dhan Bahadur’s family is not just leaving a place but is losing a sense of belonging and community. As they move away, they carry with them a sense of alienation and loss, which is felt not just individually but collectively.

Chettri masterfully uses this forced migration as a metaphor for the disintegration of traditional values and the struggles of maintaining dignity in a world that offers no support to the marginalized.

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Dhan Bahadur Basnet: He is a quintessential underdog, representing the ordinary farmer who, despite his hard work, faces continuous hardships due to the actions of those more powerful than him. His character is marked by perseverance and a desire to protect his family. However, as circumstances worsen, his dreams crumble, and he is pushed to make the difficult decision to leave his home. Dhan Bahadur’s portrayal evokes deep empathy and reflects the hopelessness faced by many like him.

Dhan Bahadur’s Wife: Her character represents the silent suffering and strength of rural women. Though not given a significant voice, her resilience and willingness to support her husband in difficult times highlight the contributions of women in the background, holding families together.

Dhan Bahadur’s Sister: Young and impressionable, she symbolizes innocence and the impact of social stigma on women. Her character serves as a reminder of how social injustices are borne not only by men but also by women, who suffer in silence and bear the consequences of decisions made by others.

WRITING STYLE AND STRUCTURE

Chettri’s writing is straightforward yet impactful. The narrative is interwoven with vivid descriptions of village life, making the reader feel as though they are witnessing the events unfold firsthand. The use of dialogues and dialects gives an authentic touch, capturing the essence of the rural community.

The structure of the novel follows a linear progression, making it easy to follow while keeping the reader engaged with its evocative storytelling. The sense of despair builds gradually, culminating in a poignant climax that leaves a lasting impression.

OVERALL IMPACT

Basain is a timeless tale that resonates deeply with readers even decades after its publication. Chettri’s portrayal of poverty, migration, and social injustices is not just limited to the village but reflects broader realities that many marginalized communities continue to face. The novel is a powerful critique of a society that turns a blind eye to the suffering of its people, pushing them to the brink of despair.

The book’s relevance in contemporary times is undeniable as migration, social hierarchies, and poverty still persist as major challenges in Nepal and beyond. It urges the reader to reflect on the ongoing struggles of the poor and the need for systemic changes to bring about social justice and equity.

CONCLUSION

Basain is a classic novel that captures the essence of rural Nepali life with all its complexities. It serves as a voice for the voiceless, shedding light on the harsh realities faced by the poor and marginalized. Chettri’s masterful storytelling, combined with his empathetic portrayal of his characters, makes Basain a must-read for anyone looking to understand the socio-economic dynamics of Nepal’s rural communities.