TOURISM
Tourism is one of the important sector to play in the economic. In other words, it plays a role in the business world. The more tourist, the more money in the country, the less tourist, the less money. Not only the economic, the tourism plays an important role in exchanging culture. We, Nepalese are rich in culture so we can promote our culture which can influence foreign. We too can learn their culture. Not only this, we are rich in food which the foreign people can enjoy. Furthermore, we have different places to travel and trekking which helps the local people for their growth in economic.
So, after giving brief importance of tourism, there are certain topic that we should know:
1. WHAT IS TOURISM?
Tourism is travel for pleasure, also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accomodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organisation defines tourism as "beyond the common perception of toursim as being limited to holiday activity only," as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose."
In 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as "someone travelling abroad for at least twenty-four hours."
Roy A. Crook, Laura J. Yale and Joseph J. Marqua in their book, "Tourism, The Business of Travel" defines Tourism as, "the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs."
2. ETYMOLOGY
The word tourist was used in 1772 and tourism in 1811. William F. Theobaid (1994) suggested that "etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin,'tornore,' and the Greek, 'tornos,' meaning 'a lathe or circle; movement around a central point or axis.' This meaning has changed in modern English to represent 'one's turn.' The suffix-ism is defined as 'an action or process; typical behaviour or quality; while the suffix-ist denotes 'one who performs a given action.' When the word tour and the suffixes-ism and -ist are combined, they suggest "the action of moving in a circle. Here, circle describes means to one's starting point which is a round-rip journey. Therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist.
3. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many countries. It has direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of the country.
Tourism brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and services needed by tourists. It also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism.
4. STUDYING TOURISM FROM BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES
While studying tourism from business perspectives, there are two aspects which are:
A. MARKETING
In this aspect, organisations of tourism creates tourists' desired goods and services. The person who are in the sector of tourism knows about the travellers and how to meet their needs.
In this approach, individuals and organisations doesn't only meet their desires and needs, organisations are focus to produce and sell them. So, the organisations do focus what customers want and produce and give service. After producing the product, the organisations need to sell it.
Not only this, there is a need to be focus on four Ps to meet the visitors which are: Proudct, price, place and promotion. Product refers to the good or service that is being offered. Price is the value of the good or service. This value is the amount of money that will be paid as well as the time "given up" to obtain the good or service. Place includes the location and the activities that are required to make the good or service available to the visitor. Finally, promotion refers to all of the activities that are undertaken to communicate the availability and benefits of a particular good or service. So, these four Ps are called marketing mix. These are needed to study tourism from business perspective.
B. MANAGEMENT
Management in business and organisations are the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resource efficiently and effectively.
Management includes planning, organising, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organisation to accomplish the goal or target. Not only this, in this model, it includes economic, political, cultural, environmental, and technological forces effect all tourism organisations and play aaa key role in the development of strategic plans. Managers need to understand each of these forces and how they will impact decisions as they plan for the future.
Managers need to plan in any organisation. For e.g. Managers who are working in restaurant must decide how many employees are needed to provide high-quailty service and, at the same time, make a fair profit. Not only this, they need to plan for targetting the customers and their demands.
5. TOURISM'S CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
When tourists make plan to visit the places and countries, there are lots of opportunities. Opportunities like it creates jobs, brings money into a community or country and helps for the development in the country and helps for the development in the country in the sector of economic.
If we see, there are opportunities of tourism like creating greater cultural understanding enhancing economic opportunities. But there are challenges too. For e.g. When tourism increases, there is the need or increase in demands on transportation systems, public services, and utilities; and may lead to environment degradation. In shortly, we are affected by tourism whether it is positive or negative.
Not only this, the future of tourism provides many challenges and opportunities as well as many unanswered questions:
* Can tourism growth and development continue without creating environmental problem ?
* How will advances in technology change tourism experiences and how tourists and service providers deal with each other?
* Will the expansion of the use of technology by tourism suppliers lead to a "low-touch" service that is less appealing to guests?
*As tourism service activities continue to grow, will an adequate work force with the necessary skills be available?
* Will tourism change the social structure of countries and communities when they experince increased tourism activities?
* Will the threat of terrorism continue and spread around the globe, decreasing potential travelers' sense of security and thus decreasing the level of international travel?
CONCLUSION
As I have already mentioned about tourism and its advantages and disadvantages, we need tourism for the development of the country. Although, the tourism might cause environmental degradation, we need to provide education an environment. Tourists come to Nepal to see Mountain and while looking and enjoy the Mountain, they may throw wastes everywhere while causes environmental degradation. So, we need to provide environmental education.
Not only this, while exchanging social cultural we need to learn good not bad and we should not be must influential by them. We need to learn good side of tourism.
We all even know that tourism is important sector so to bring them in our country, we need to do marketing and promotional. We need to promote our culture and other good aspects so that we can have good finance which tourism organisation can have profit.
Furthurmore, while bringing or targetting to bring tourists, there is the need of proper management which includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling. These are needed to meet goals or target. To meet the goals and target, there is the need of effective and efficient work.
So, tourism is needed in every country but we need to see its challenges, opportunities, advantages and disadvantages. Not only this, we need to research on tourism and anlayse the impact of tourism.
REFERENCES
1. ROY A. CROOK, LAURA J. YALE AND JOSEPH J. MARUA'S TOURISM, THE BUSINESS OF TRAVEL"
So, after giving brief importance of tourism, there are certain topic that we should know:
1. WHAT IS TOURISM?
Tourism is travel for pleasure, also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accomodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organisation defines tourism as "beyond the common perception of toursim as being limited to holiday activity only," as people "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose."
In 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as "someone travelling abroad for at least twenty-four hours."
Roy A. Crook, Laura J. Yale and Joseph J. Marqua in their book, "Tourism, The Business of Travel" defines Tourism as, "the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs."
2. ETYMOLOGY
The word tourist was used in 1772 and tourism in 1811. William F. Theobaid (1994) suggested that "etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin,'tornore,' and the Greek, 'tornos,' meaning 'a lathe or circle; movement around a central point or axis.' This meaning has changed in modern English to represent 'one's turn.' The suffix-ism is defined as 'an action or process; typical behaviour or quality; while the suffix-ist denotes 'one who performs a given action.' When the word tour and the suffixes-ism and -ist are combined, they suggest "the action of moving in a circle. Here, circle describes means to one's starting point which is a round-rip journey. Therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist.
3. SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
Tourism is an important, even vital, source of income for many countries. It has direct effects on the social, cultural, educational, and economic sectors of the country.
Tourism brings in large amounts of income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and services needed by tourists. It also creates opportunities for employment in the service sector of the economy associated with tourism.
4. STUDYING TOURISM FROM BUSINESS PERSPECTIVES
While studying tourism from business perspectives, there are two aspects which are:
A. MARKETING
In this aspect, organisations of tourism creates tourists' desired goods and services. The person who are in the sector of tourism knows about the travellers and how to meet their needs.
In this approach, individuals and organisations doesn't only meet their desires and needs, organisations are focus to produce and sell them. So, the organisations do focus what customers want and produce and give service. After producing the product, the organisations need to sell it.
Not only this, there is a need to be focus on four Ps to meet the visitors which are: Proudct, price, place and promotion. Product refers to the good or service that is being offered. Price is the value of the good or service. This value is the amount of money that will be paid as well as the time "given up" to obtain the good or service. Place includes the location and the activities that are required to make the good or service available to the visitor. Finally, promotion refers to all of the activities that are undertaken to communicate the availability and benefits of a particular good or service. So, these four Ps are called marketing mix. These are needed to study tourism from business perspective.
B. MANAGEMENT
Management in business and organisations are the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resource efficiently and effectively.
Management includes planning, organising, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organisation to accomplish the goal or target. Not only this, in this model, it includes economic, political, cultural, environmental, and technological forces effect all tourism organisations and play aaa key role in the development of strategic plans. Managers need to understand each of these forces and how they will impact decisions as they plan for the future.
Managers need to plan in any organisation. For e.g. Managers who are working in restaurant must decide how many employees are needed to provide high-quailty service and, at the same time, make a fair profit. Not only this, they need to plan for targetting the customers and their demands.
5. TOURISM'S CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
When tourists make plan to visit the places and countries, there are lots of opportunities. Opportunities like it creates jobs, brings money into a community or country and helps for the development in the country and helps for the development in the country in the sector of economic.
If we see, there are opportunities of tourism like creating greater cultural understanding enhancing economic opportunities. But there are challenges too. For e.g. When tourism increases, there is the need or increase in demands on transportation systems, public services, and utilities; and may lead to environment degradation. In shortly, we are affected by tourism whether it is positive or negative.
Not only this, the future of tourism provides many challenges and opportunities as well as many unanswered questions:
* Can tourism growth and development continue without creating environmental problem ?
* How will advances in technology change tourism experiences and how tourists and service providers deal with each other?
* Will the expansion of the use of technology by tourism suppliers lead to a "low-touch" service that is less appealing to guests?
*As tourism service activities continue to grow, will an adequate work force with the necessary skills be available?
* Will tourism change the social structure of countries and communities when they experince increased tourism activities?
* Will the threat of terrorism continue and spread around the globe, decreasing potential travelers' sense of security and thus decreasing the level of international travel?
CONCLUSION
As I have already mentioned about tourism and its advantages and disadvantages, we need tourism for the development of the country. Although, the tourism might cause environmental degradation, we need to provide education an environment. Tourists come to Nepal to see Mountain and while looking and enjoy the Mountain, they may throw wastes everywhere while causes environmental degradation. So, we need to provide environmental education.
Not only this, while exchanging social cultural we need to learn good not bad and we should not be must influential by them. We need to learn good side of tourism.
We all even know that tourism is important sector so to bring them in our country, we need to do marketing and promotional. We need to promote our culture and other good aspects so that we can have good finance which tourism organisation can have profit.
Furthurmore, while bringing or targetting to bring tourists, there is the need of proper management which includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling. These are needed to meet goals or target. To meet the goals and target, there is the need of effective and efficient work.
So, tourism is needed in every country but we need to see its challenges, opportunities, advantages and disadvantages. Not only this, we need to research on tourism and anlayse the impact of tourism.
REFERENCES
1. ROY A. CROOK, LAURA J. YALE AND JOSEPH J. MARUA'S TOURISM, THE BUSINESS OF TRAVEL"
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